## 信息流

• By extrapolating the explicit formula of the zero-bias distribution occurring in the context of Stein's method, we construct characterization identities for a large class of absolutely continuous univariate distributions. Instead of trying to derive characterizing distributional transformations that inherit certain structures for the use in further theoretic endeavours, we focus on explicit representations given through a formula for the distribution function. The results we establish with this ambition feature immediate applications in the area of goodness-of-fit testing. We draw up a blueprint for the construction of tests of fit that include procedures for many distributions for which little (if any) practicable tests are known.

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• An old open problem in number theory is whether Chebotarev density theorem holds in short intervals. More precisely, given a Galois extension $E$ of $\mathbb{Q}$ with Galois group $G$, a conjugacy class $C$ in $G$ and an $1\geq \varepsilon>0$, one wants to compute the asymptotic of the number of primes $x\leq p\leq x+x^{\varepsilon}$ with Frobenius conjugacy class in $E$ equal to $C$. The level of difficulty grows as $\varepsilon$ becomes smaller. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, one can merely reach the regime $1\geq\varepsilon>1/2$. We establish a function field analogue of Chebotarev theorem in short intervals for any $\varepsilon>0$. Our result is valid in the limit when the size of the finite field tends to $\infty$ and when the extension is tamely ramified at infinity. The methods are based on a higher dimensional explicit Chebotarev theorem, and applied in a much more general setting of arithmetic functions, which we name $G$-factorization arithmetic functio

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• A fullness conjecture of Kuznetsov says that if a smooth projective variety $X$ admits a full exceptional collection of line bundles of length $l$, then any exceptional collection of line bundles of length $l$ is full. In this paper, we show that this conjecture holds for $X$ as the blow-up of $\mathbb{P}^{3}$ at a point, a line, or a twisted cubic curve, i.e. any exceptional collection of line bundles of length 6 on $X$ is full. Moreover, we obtain an explicit classification of full exceptional collections of line bundles on such $X$.

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• We give a mostly self-contained proof of the classification of non-Kahler surfaces based on Buchdahl-Lamari theorem. We also prove that all non-Kahler surfaces which are not of class VII are locally conformally Kahler.

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• We classify all edge-to-edge spherical isohedral 4-gonal tilings such that the skeletons are pseudo-double wheels. For this, we characterize these spherical tilings by a quadratic equation for the cosine of an edge-length. By the classification, we see: there are indeed two non-congruent, edge-to-edge spherical isohedral 4-gonal tilings such that the skeletons are the same pseudo-double wheel and the cyclic list of the four inner angles of the tiles are the same. This contrasts with that every edge-to-edge spherical tiling by congruent 3-gons is determined by the skeleton and the inner angles of the skeleton. We show that for a particular spherical isohedral tiling over the pseudo-double wheel of twelve faces, the quadratic equation has a double solution and the copies of the tile also organize a spherical non-isohedral tiling over the same skeleton.

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• The goal of this paper is to classify fusion categories $\otimes$-generated by a $K$-normal object (defined in this paper) of Frobenius-Perron dimension less than 2. This classification has recently become accessible due to a result of Morrison and Snyder, showing that any such category must be a cyclic extension of a category of adjoint $ADE$ type. Our main tools in this classification are the results of Etingof, Ostrik, and Nikshych, classifying cyclic extensions of a given category in terms of data computed from the Brauer-Picard group, and Drinfeld centre of that category, and the results of the author, which compute the Brauer-Picard group and Drinfeld centres of the categories of adjoint $ADE$ type. Our classification includes the expected categories, constructed from cyclic groups and the categories of $ADE$ type. More interestingly we have categories in our classification that are non-trivial de-equivariantizations of these expected categories. Most interesting of all, our clas

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• In this paper we use a gradient flow to deform closed planar curves to curves with least variation of geodesic curvature in the $L^2$ sense. Given a smooth initial curve we show that the solution to the flow exists for all time and, provided the length of the evolving curve remains bounded, smoothly converges to a multiply-covered circle. Moreover, we show that curves in any homotopy class with initially small $L^3\lVert k_s\rVert_2^2$ enjoy a uniform length bound under the flow, yielding the convergence result in these cases.

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• For a graph $G$, let $\chi(G)$ and $\omega(G)$ respectively denote the chromatic number and clique number of $G$. We give an explicit structural description of ($P_5$,gem)-free graphs, and show that every such graph $G$ satisfies $\chi(G)\le \lceil\frac{5\omega(G)}{4}\rceil$. Moreover, this bound is best possible.

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• We study compact operators on the Bergman space of the Thullen domain defined by $\{(z_1,z_2)\in \mathbb C^2: |z_1|^{2p}+|z_2|^2<1\}$ with $p>0$ and $p\neq 1$. The domain need not be smooth nor have a transitive automorphism group. We give a sufficient condition for the boundedness of various operators on the Bergman space. Under this boundedness condition, we characterize the compactness of operators on the Bergman space of the Thullen domain.

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• We introduce the notion of complex $G_2$ manifold $M_{\mathbb C}$, and complexification of a $G_2$ manifold $M\subset M_{\mathbb C}$. As an application we show the following: If $(Y,s)$ is a closed oriented $3$-manifold with a $Spin^{c}$ structure, and $(Y,s)\subset (M, \varphi)$ is an imbedding as an associative submanifold of some $G_2$ manifold (such imbedding always exists), then the isotropic associative deformations of $Y$ in the complexified $G_2$ manifold $M_{\mathbb C}$ is given by Seiberg-Witten equations.

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• We consider the algorithmic problem of computing the partition function of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model of spin glasses with Gaussian couplings. We show that there is no polynomial time algorithm for computing the partition function exactly (in the sense to be made precise), unless P=\#P. Our proof uses the Lipton's reducibility trick of computation modulo large primes~\cite{lipton1991new} and near-uniformity of the log-normal distribution in small intervals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first statistical physics model with random parameters for which such average case hardness is established.

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• We investigate the phenomenon of concentration of measure from a "phenomenological" point of view, by working on specific examples. In particular, we will get some speculative hints about extreme amenability of certain examples of infinite dimensional Lie groups.

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• The principal angles between binary collision subspaces in an $N$-billiard system in $m$-dimensional Euclidean space are computed. These angles are computed for equal masses and arbitrary masses. We then provide a bound on the number of collisions in the planar 3-billiard system problem. Comparison of this result with known billiard collision bounds in lower dimensions is discussed.

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• We are studying possible interaction of damping coefficients in the subprincipal part of the linear 3D wave equation and their impact on the critical exponent of the corresponding nonlinear Cauchy problem with small initial data. The main new phenomena is that certain relation between these coefficients may cause very strong jump of the critical Strauss exponent in 3D to the critical 5D Strauss exponent for the wave equation without damping coefficients.

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• Identifying the unknown underlying trend of a given noisy signal is extremely useful for a wide range of applications. The number of potential trends might be exponential, which can be computationally exhaustive even for short signals. Another challenge, is the presence of abrupt changes and outliers at unknown times which impart resourceful information regarding the signal's characteristics. In this paper, we present the $\ell_1$ Adaptive Trend Filter, which can consistently identify the components in the underlying trend and multiple level-shifts, even in the presence of outliers. Additionally, an enhanced coordinate descent algorithm which exploit the filter design is presented. Some implementation details are discussed and a version in the Julia language is presented along with two distinct applications to illustrate the filter's potential.

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• In this short note, we consider order convergence in the space of all Banach lattice valued Bochner integrable functions instead of almost everywhere pointwise convergence to establish two results similar to the monotone convergence theorem and the Fatou's lemma; this approach has two advantages: we can use nets instead of sequences and no monotonicity is required.

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• We give two characterizations of tracially nuclear C*-algebras. The first is that the finite summand of the second dual is hyperfinite. The second is in terms of a variant of the weak* uniqueness property. The necessary condition holds for all tracially nuclear C*-algebras. When the algebra is separable, we prove the sufficiency.

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• Let $G$ be a finite group and let $\pi$ be a set of primes. In this paper, we prove a criterion for the existence of a solvable $\pi$-Hall subgroup of $G$, precisely, the group $G$ has a solvable $\pi$-Hall subgroup if, and only if, $G$ has a $\{p,q\}$-Hall subgroup for any pair $p$, $q\in\pi$.

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• Consider the classical problem of solving a general linear system of equations $Ax=b$. It is well known that the (successively over relaxed) Gauss-Seidel scheme and many of its variants may not converge when $A$ is neither diagonally dominant nor symmetric positive definite. Can we have a linearly convergent G-S type algorithm that works for any $A$? In this paper we answer this question affirmatively by proposing a doubly stochastic G-S algorithm that is provably linearly convergent (in the mean square error sense) for any feasible linear system of equations. The key in the algorithm design is to introduce a nonuniform double stochastic scheme for picking the equation and the variable in each update step as well as a stepsize rule. These techniques also generalize to certain iterative alternating projection algorithms for solving the linear feasibility problem $A x\le b$ with an arbitrary $A$, as well as certain high-dimensional convex minimization problems. Our results demonstrate th

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• The wireless channel of 5G communications will have unique characteristics that can not be fully apprehended by the traditional fading models. For instance, the wireless channel may often be dominated by a finite number of specular components, the conventional Gaussian assumption may not be applied to the diffuse scattered waves and the point scatterers may be inhomogeneously distributed. These physical attributes were incorporated into the state-of-the-art fading models, such as the kappa-mu shadowed fading model, the generalized two-ray fading model, and the fluctuating two ray fading model. Unfortunately, much of the existing published work commonly imposed arbitrary assumptions on the channel parameters to achieve theoretical tractability, thereby limiting their application to represent a diverse range of propagation environments. This motivates us to find a more general fading model that incorporates multiple specular components with clusterized diffuse scattered waves, but achiev

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• A family $F$ of graphs on a fixed set of $n$ vertices is called triangle-intersecting if for any $G_1,G_2 \in F$, the intersection $G_1 \cap G_2$ contains a triangle. More generally, for a fixed graph $H$, a family $F$ is $H$-intersecting if the intersection of any two graphs in $F$ contains a sub-graph isomorphic to $H$. In [D. Ellis, Y. Filmus, and E. Friedgut, Triangle-intersecting families of graphs, J. Eur. Math. Soc. 14 (2012), pp. 841--885], Ellis, Filmus and Friedgut proved a 36-year old conjecture of Simonovits and S\'{o}s stating that the maximal size of a triangle-intersecting family is $(1/8)2^{n(n-1)/2}$. Furthermore, they proved a $p$-biased generalization, stating that for any $p \leq 1/2$, we have $\mu_{p}(F)\le p^{3}$, where $\mu_{p}(F)$ is the probability that the random graph $G(n,p)$ belongs to $F$. In the same paper, Ellis et al. conjectured that the assertion of their biased theorem holds also for $1/2 < p \le 3/4$, and more generally, that for any non-$t$-colo

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• We give an informal survey of the historical development of computations related to prime number distribution and zeros of the Riemann zeta function.

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• We describe a convex relaxation for the Gilbert-Steiner problem both in $R^d$ and on manifolds, extending the framework proposed in [9], and we discuss its sharpness by means of calibration type arguments. The minimization of the resulting problem is then tackled numerically and we present results for an extensive set of examples. In particular we are able to address the Steiner tree problem on surfaces.

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• In this paper, we use the Erd\"{o}s-Szekeres lemma to show that there exists a graph with partial order competition dimension greater than five.

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• In this paper, we present a minimal chordal completion $G^*$ of a graph $G$ satisfying the inequality $\omega(G^*) - \omega(G) \le i(G)$ for the non-chordality index $i(G)$ of $G$. In terms of our chordal completions, we partially settle the Hadwiger conjecture and the Erd\H{o}s-Faber-Lov\'{a}sz Conjecture, and extend the known $\chi$-bounded class by adding to it the family of graphs with bounded non-chordality indices.

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• We consider a one-phase free boundary problem of the minimizer of the energy $J_{\gamma}(u)=\frac{1}{2}\int_{(B_1^{n+1})^+}{y^{1-2s}|\nabla u(x,y)|^2dxdy}+\int_{B_1^{n}\times \{y=0\}}{u^{\gamma}dx},$ with constants $0<s,\gamma<1$. It is an intermediate case of the fractional cavitation problem (as $\gamma=0$) and the fractional obstacle problem (as $\gamma=1$). We prove that the blow-up near every free boundary point is homogeneous of degree $\beta=\frac{2s}{2-\gamma}$, and flat free boundary is $C^{1,\theta}$ when $\gamma$ is close to 0.

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• In this note we are interested in the dynamics of the linear flow on infinite periodic $\mathbb{Z}^d$-covers of Veech surfaces. An elementary remark allows us to show that the kernel of some natural representations of the Veech group acting on homology is "big". In particular, the same is true for the Veech group of the infinite surface, answering a question of Pascal Hubert. We give some applications to the dynamics on wind-tree models where the underlying compact translation surface is a Veech surface.

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• If $K$ is a field of characteristic $p$ then the $p$-torsion of the Brauer group, ${}_p{\rm Br\,}(K)$, is represented by a quotient of the group of $1$-forms, $\Omega^1(K)$. Namely, we have a group isomorphism $$\alpha_p:\Omega^1(K)/\langle{\rm d}a,\, (a^p-a){\rm dlog}b\, :\, a,b\in K,\, b\neq 0\rangle\to{}_p{\rm Br\,}(K),$$ given by $a{\rm d}b\mapsto [ab,b)_p$ $\forall a,b\in K$, $b\neq 0$. Here $[\cdot,\cdot )_p:K/\wp (K)\times K^\times/K^{\times p}\to{}_p{\rm Br\,}(K)$ denotes the Artin-Schreier symbol. In this paper we generalize this result. Namely, we prove that for every $n\geq 1$ we have a representation of ${}_{p^n}{\rm Br\,}(K)$ by a quotient of $\Omega^1(W_n(K))$, where $W_n(K)$ is the truncation of length $n$ of the ring of $p$-typical Witt vectors, i.e. $W_{\{1,p,\ldots,p^{n-1}\}}(K)$. Explicitly, we have a group isomorphism \alpha_{p^n}:\Omega^1(W_{p^n}(K))/\langle Fa{\rm d}b-a{\rm d}Vb\, :\, a,b\in W_n(K),\, ([a^p]-[a]){\rm dlog}[b]\, :\, a,b\in K,\, b\neq 0\rangle\to{

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• We construct a tower of fibrations approximating the derived mapping space between two simplicially enriched operads subject to mild conditions. The n-th stage of the tower is obtained by neglecting operations with more than n inputs. The main theorem describes the layers of this tower.

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• Let $(M,\textit{g},\sigma)$ be a compact Riemannian spin manifold of dimension $m\geq2$, let $\mathbb{S}(M)$ denote the spinor bundle on $M$, and let $D$ be the Atiyah-Singer Dirac operator acting on spinors $\psi:M\to\mathbb{S}(M)$. We study the existence of solutions of the nonlinear Dirac equation with critical exponent $D\psi = \lambda\psi + f(|\psi|)\psi + |\psi|^{\frac2{m-1}}\psi \tag{NLD}$ where $\lambda\in\mathbb{R}$ and $f(|\psi|)\psi$ is a subcritical nonlinearity in the sense that $f(s)=o\big(s^{\frac2{m-1}}\big)$ as $s\to\infty$. A model nonlinearity is $f(s)=\alpha s^{p-2}$ with $2<p<\frac{2m}{m-1}$, $\alpha\in\mathbb{R}$. In particular we study the nonlinear Dirac equation $D\psi=\lambda\psi+|\psi|^{\frac2{m-1}}\psi, \quad \lambda\in\mathbb{R}. \tag{BND}$ This equation is a spinorial analogue of the Brezis-Nirenberg problem. As corollary of our main results we obtain the existence of nontrivial solutions $(\lambda,\psi)$ of (BND) for every $\lambda>0$, ev

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• A field $K$ is called ample if for every geometrically integral $K$-variety $V$ with a smooth $K$-point, $V(K)$ is Zariski-dense in $V$. A field $K$ is virtually ample if some finite extension of $K$ is ample. We prove that there exists a virtually ample field that is not ample.

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• We present an optimal algorithm for the three-stage arbitrary polarization tracking using Lithium-Niobate-based Polarization Controllers: device calibration, polarization state rotation, and stabilization. The theoretical model representing the lithium-niobate-based polarization controller is derived and the methodology is successfully applied. Results are numerically simulated in the MATLAB environment.

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• We develop a model for an anti-plane crack defect posed on a square lattice under an interatomic pair-potential with nearest-neighbour interactions. In particular, we establish existence, local uniqueness and stability of solutions for small loading parameters and further prove qualitatively sharp far-field decay estimates. The latter requires establishing decay estimates for the corresponding lattice Green's function, which are of independent interest.

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• In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of BV functions in complete metric measure spaces equipped with a doubling measure supporting a $1$-Poincar\'e inequality. We show that at almost every point $x$ outside the Cantor and jump parts of a BV function, the asymptotic limit of the function is a Lipschitz continuous function of least gradient on a tangent space to the metric space based at $x$. We also show that, at co-dimension $1$ Hausdorff measure almost every measure-theoretic boundary point of a set $E$ of finite perimeter, there is an asymptotic limit set $(E)_\infty$ corresponding to the asymptotic expansion of $E$ and that every such asymptotic limit $(E)_\infty$ is a quasiminimal set of finite perimeter. We also show that the perimeter measure of $(E)_\infty$ is Ahlfors co-dimension $1$ regular.

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• We define automorphic vector bundles on the stack of $G$-zips introduced by Moonen-Pink-Wedhorn-Ziegler and study their global sections. In particular, we give a combinatorial condition on the weight for the existence of nonzero mod $p$ automorphic forms on Shimura varieties of Hodge-type. We attach to the highest weight of the representation $V(\lambda)$ a mod $p$ automorphic form and we give a modular interpretation of this form in some cases.

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• We classify all possible automorphism groups of smooth cubic surfaces over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. As an intermediate step we also classify automorphism groups of quartic del Pezzo surfaces. We show that the moduli space of smooth cubic surfaces is rational in every characteristic, determine the dimensions of the strata admitting each possible isomorphism class of automorphism group, and find explicit normal forms in each case. Finally, we completely characterize when a smooth cubic surface in positive characteristic, together with a group action, can be lifted to characteristic zero.

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• Starting from a generalization of the standard axioms for a monoid we present a stepwise development of various, mutually equivalent foundational axiom systems for category theory. Our axiom sets have been formalized in the Isabelle/HOL interactive proof assistant, and this formalization utilizes a semantically correct embedding of free logic in classical higher-order logic. The modeling and formal analysis of our axiom sets has been significantly supported by series of experiments with automated reasoning tools integrated with Isabelle/HOL. We also address the relation of our axiom systems to alternative proposals from the literature, including an axiom set proposed by Freyd and Scedrov for which we reveal a technical issue (when encoded in free logic where free variables range over defined and undefined objects): either all operations, e.g. morphism composition, are total or their axiom system is inconsistent. The repair for this problem is quite straightforward, however.

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• We define the mechanical complexity $C(P)$ of a convex polyhedron $P,$ interpreted as a homogeneous solid, as the difference between the total number of its faces, edges and vertices and the number of its static equilibria, and the mechanical complexity $C(S,U)$ of primary equilibrium classes $(S,U)^E$ with $S$ stable and $U$ unstable equilibria as the infimum of the mechanical complexity of all polyhedra in that class. We prove that the mechanical complexity of a class $(S,U)^E$ with $S, U > 1$ is the minimum of $2(f+v-S-U)$ over all polyhedral pairs $(f,v )$, where a pair of integers is called a polyhedral pair if there is a convex polyhedron with $f$ faces and $v$ vertices. In particular, we prove that the mechanical complexity of a class $(S,U)^E$ is zero if, and only if there exists a convex polyhedron with $S$ faces and $U$ vertices. We also discuss the mechanical complexity of the monostatic classes $(1,U)^E$ and $(S,1)^E$, and offer a complexity-dependent prize for the compl

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• Let G be a reductive p-adic group. Let $\Phi$ be an invariant distribution on G lying in the Bernstein center Z(G). We prove that $\Phi$ is supported on compact elements in G if and only if it defines a constant function on every component of the set Irr(G); in particular, we show that the space of all elements of Z(G) supported on compact elements is a subalgebra of Z(G). Our proof is a slight modiification of the arguments of J.F.Dat who proved our result in one direction.

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• It is well known that, given a $2d$ purely magnetic Landau Hamiltonian with a constant magnetic field $b$ which generates a magnetic flux $\varphi$ per unit area, then any spectral island $\sigma_b$ consisting of $M$ infinitely degenerate Landau levels carries an integrated density of states $\mathcal{I}_b=M \varphi$. Wannier later discovered a similar Diophantine relation expressing the integrated density of states of a gapped group of bands of the Hofstadter Hamiltonian as a linear function of the magnetic field flux with integer slope. We extend this result to a gap labelling theorem for any $2d$ Bloch-Landau operator $H_b$ which also has a bounded $\mathbb{Z}^2$-periodic electric potential. Assume that $H_b$ has a spectral island $\sigma_b$ which remains isolated from the rest of the spectrum as long as $\varphi$ lies in a compact interval $[\varphi_1,\varphi_2]$. Then $\mathcal{I}_b=c_0+c_1\varphi$ on such intervals, where the constant $c_0\in \mathbb{Q}$ while $c_1\in \mathbb{Z}$

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• The heavy-tailed distributions of corrupted outliers and singular values of all channels in low-level vision have proven effective priors for many applications such as background modeling, photometric stereo and image alignment. And they can be well modeled by a hyper-Laplacian. However, the use of such distributions generally leads to challenging non-convex, non-smooth and non-Lipschitz problems, and makes existing algorithms very slow for large-scale applications. Together with the analytic solutions to lp-norm minimization with two specific values of p, i.e., p=1/2 and p=2/3, we propose two novel bilinear factor matrix norm minimization models for robust principal component analysis. We first define the double nuclear norm and Frobenius/nuclear hybrid norm penalties, and then prove that they are in essence the Schatten-1/2 and 2/3 quasi-norms, respectively, which lead to much more tractable and scalable Lipschitz optimization problems. Our experimental analysis shows that both our m

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• We use bi-oriented incidence relations in order to construct a Kempf-Laksov type resolution for any Schubert variety of the complete flag manifold but also an embedded resolution for any Schubert variety in the Grassmannian. These constructions are alternatives to the celebrated Bott-Samelson resolutions. The second process led to the introduction of singular flag varieties, algebro-geometric objects that interpolate between the standard flag manifolds and products of Grassmannians, but which are singular in general. The surprising simple desingularization of a particular singular flag variety produces an embedded resolution of the Schubert variety within the Grassmannian.

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• On a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain in $\mathbb{C}^n$, $n>1$, the smoothness of the Cheng-Yau solution to Fefferman's complex Monge-Ampere equation up to the boundary is obstructed by a local CR invariant of the boundary. For a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{C}^2$ diffeomorphic to the ball, we prove that the global vanishing of this obstruction implies biholomorphic equivalence to the unit ball, subject to the existence of a holomorphic vector field satisfying a mild approximate tangency condition along the boundary. In particular, by considering the Euler vector field multiplied by $i$ the result applies to all domains in a large $C^1$ open neighborhood of the unit ball in $\mathbb{C}^2$. The proof rests on establishing an integral identity involving the CR curvature of $\partial \Omega$ for any holomorphic vector field defined in a neighborhood of the boundary. The notion of ambient holomorphic vector field along the CR boundary generalizes natur

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• The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) is unstoppable due to factors such as the decreasing cost of batteries and various policy decisions. These vehicles need to be charged and will therefore cause congestion in local distribution grids in the future. Motivated by this, we consider a charging station with finitely many parking spaces, in which electric vehicles arrive in order to get charged. An EV has a random parking time and a random charging time. Both the charging rate per vehicle and the charging rate possible for the station are assumed to be limited. Thus, the charging rate of uncharged EVs depends on the number of cars charging simultaneously. This model leads to a layered queueing network in which parking spaces with EV chargers have a dual role, of a server (to cars) and customers (to the grid). We are interested in the performance of the aforementioned model, focusing on the fraction of vehicles that get fully charged. To do so, we develop several bounds and asymptotic (fluid

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•   10-12 arXiv 83

We introduce the class of Cartan triples as a generalization of the notion of a Cartan MASA in a von Neumann algebra. We obtain a one-to-one correspondence between Cartan triples and certain Clifford extensions of inverse semigroups. Moreover, there is a spectral theorem describing bimodules in terms of their support sets in the fundamental inverse semigroup and, as a corollary, an extension of Aoi's theorem to this setting. This context contains that of Fulman's generalization of Cartan MASAs and we discuss his generalization in an appendix.

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• We introduce a categorical analogue of Saito's notion of primitive forms. Let $W$ denote the potential $\frac{1}{n+1} x^{n+1}$. For the category $MF(W)$ of matrix factorizations of $W$ we prove that there exists a unique, up to non-zero constant, categorical primitive form. The corresponding genus zero categorical Gromov-Witten invariants of $MF(W)$ are shown to match with the invariants defined through unfolding of singularities of $W$.

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• In this paper, we prove a central limit theorem and a moderate deviation principle for a perturbed stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation defined on [0, T]x [0, \pi]^d, with d \in {1,2,3}. This equation is driven by a space-time white noise. The weak convergence approach plays an important role.

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• The oriented chromatic polynomial of a oriented graph outputs the number of oriented $k$-colourings for any input $k$. We fully classify those oriented graphs for which the oriented graph has the same chromatic polynomial as the underlying simple graph, closing an open problem posed by Sopena. We find that such oriented graphs admit a forbidden subgraph characterization, and such graphs can be both identified and constructed in polynomial time. We study the analytic properties of this polynomial and show that there exist oriented graphs which have chromatic polynomials have roots, including negative real roots, that cannot be realized as the root of any chromatic polynomial of a simple graph.

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• We develop a probabilistic algorithm for computing elimination ideals of likelihood equations, which is for larger models by far more efficient than directly computing Groebner bases or the interpolation method proposed in the first author's previous work. The efficiency is improved by a theoretical result showing that the sum of data variables appears in most coefficients of the generator polynomial of elimination ideal. Furthermore, applying the known structures of Newton polytopes of discriminants, we can also efficiently deduce discriminants of the elimination ideals. For instance, the discriminants of 3 by 3 matrix model and one Jukes-Cantor model in phylogenetics (with sizes over 30 GB and 8 GB text files, respectively) can be computed by our methods.

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• We present an explicit basis for orders of arbitrary level N>1 in definite rational quaternion algebras. These orders have applications to computations of spaces of elliptic and quaternionic modular forms.

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• The concept of formal duality was proposed by Cohn, Kumar and Sch\"urmann, which reflects an unexpected symmetry among energy-minimizing periodic configurations. This formal duality was later on translated into a purely combinatorial property by Cohn, Kumar, Reiher and Sch\"urmann, where the corresponding combinatorial object was called formally dual pair. Almost all known examples of primitive formally dual pairs satisfy that the two subsets have the same size. Indeed, prior to this work, there is only one known example having subsets with unequal sizes in $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_4^2$. Motivated by this example, we propose a lifting construction framework and a recursive construction framework, which generate new primitive formally dual pairs from known ones. As an application, for $m \ge 2$, we obtain $m+1$ pairwise inequivalent primitive formally dual pairs in $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_4^{2m}$, which have subsets with unequal sizes.

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• This paper introduces assume/guarantee contracts on continuous-time control systems, hereby extending contract theories for discrete systems to certain new model classes and specifications. Contracts are regarded as formal characterizations of control specifications, providing an alternative to specifications in terms of dissipativity properties or set-invariance. The framework has the potential to capture a richer class of specifications more suitable for complex engineering systems. The proposed contracts are supported by results that enable the verification of contract implementation and the comparison of contracts. These results are illustrated by an example of a vehicle following system.

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• We study certain structural properties of fine zonotopal tilings, or cubillages, on cyclic zonotopes $Z(n,d)$ of an arbitrary dimension $d$ and their relations to $(d-1)$-separated collections of subsets of a set $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. (Collections of this sort are well known as strongly separated ones when $d=2$, and as chord separated ones when $d=3$.)

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• We examine the dynamics of cutting-and-shuffling a hemispherical shell driven by alternate rotation about two horizontal axes using the framework of piecewise isometry (PWI) theory. Previous restrictions on how the domain is cut-and-shuffled are relaxed to allow for non-orthogonal rotation axes, adding a new degree of freedom to the PWI. A new computational method for efficiently executing the cutting-and-shuffling using parallel processing allows for extensive parameter sweeps and investigations of mixing protocols that produce a low degree of mixing. Non-orthogonal rotation axes break some of the symmetries that produce poor mixing with orthogonal axes and increase the overall degree of mixing on average. Arnold tongues arising from rational ratios of rotation angles and their intersections, as in the orthogonal axes case, are responsible for many protocols with low degrees of mixing in the non-orthogonal-axes parameter space. Arnold tongue intersections along a fundamental symmetry

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• End-to-end learning of communication systems enables joint optimization of transmitter and receiver, implemented as deep neural network-based autoencoders, over any type of channel and for an arbitrary performance metric. Recently, an alternating training procedure was proposed which eliminates the need for an explicit channel model. However, this approach requires feedback of real-valued losses from the receiver to the transmitter during training. In this paper, we first show that alternating training works even with a noisy feedback channel. Then, we design a system that learns to transmit real numbers over an unknown channel without a preexisting feedback link. Once trained, this feedback system can be used to communicate losses during alternating training of autoencoders. Evaluations over additive white Gaussian noise and Rayleigh block-fading channels show that end-to-end communication systems trained using the proposed feedback system achieve the same performance as when trained

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• We prove that every deformed mesh algebra of type $\mathbb{F}_4$ is isomorphic to the canonical mesh algebra of type $\mathbb{F}_4$.

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• We establish a correspondence between the dimer model on a bipartite graph and a circle pattern with the combinatorics of that graph, which holds for graphs that are either planar or embedded on the torus. The set of positive face weights on the graph gives a set of global coordinates on the space of circle patterns with embedded dual. Under this correspondence, which extends the previously known isoradial case, the urban renewal (local move for dimer models) is equivalent to the Miquel move (local move for circle patterns). As a consequence the Miquel dynamics on circle patterns is governed by the octahedron recurrence. As special cases of these circle pattern embeddings, we recover harmonic embeddings for resistor networks and s-embeddings for the Ising model.

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• In this paper, we present a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) approach for the transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem, considering both long- and short-term uncertainties on the system load and renewable generation. Long-term uncertainty is represented on two interrelated levels. At the first level, as is customary in industry applications, the deep uncertainty faced in economic, political, environmental, and technological development is addressed based on plausible visions of long-term future scenarios (trends), traced by current experts beliefs. Subsequently, uncertainty-related parameters defining the probability distributions of the uncertain factors are partially refined for each long-term scenario, thereby inducing an ambiguity set. Finally, for each long-term scenario and induced ambiguity set, the inherent risk model for the short-term uncertainty is described by means of conditional probability distributions. The mathematical problem is formulated as a distribu

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• We investigate the asymptotic behavior of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on Riemannian manifolds. We show that Benjamini-Schramm convergence provides a unified language for the level and eigenvalue aspects of the theory. As a result, we present a mathematically precise formulation of Berry's conjecture for a compact negatively curved manifold and formulate a Berry-type conjecture for sequences of locally symmetric spaces. We prove some weak versions of these conjectures. Using ergodic theory, we also analyze the connections of these conjectures to Quantum Unique Ergodicity.

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• We study the energy distribution of harmonic 1-forms on a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface $S$ that has a small separating closed geodesic. The result is applied to the question how close the Jacobian torus of $S$ comes to a torus that splits. The aim is to answer this and related questions in terms of geometric data of $S$ such as its injectivity radius and the lengths of geodesics that form a homology basis. This is version 1 of an extended paper in which also non separating small geodesics are considered.

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• Local and category-theoretical entropies associated with an endomorphism of finite length (i.e., with zero-dimensional closed fiber) of a commutative Noetherian local ring are compared. Local entropy is shown to be less than or equal to category-theoretical entropy. The two entropies are shown to be equal when the ring is regular, and also for the Frobenius endomorphism of a complete local ring of positive characteristic. Furthermore, given a flat morphism of Cohen-Macaulay local rings endowed with compatible endomorphisms of finite length, it is shown that local entropy is "additive". Finally, over a ring that is a homomorphic image of a regular local ring, a formula for local entropy in terms of an asymptotic partial Euler characteristic is given.

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• Adinkras are combinatorial objects developed to study supersymmetry representations. Gates et al. introduced the "gadget" as a function of pairs of adinkras, obtaining some mysterious results for $(n=4, k=1)$ adinkras with computer-aided computation. Specifically, very few values of the gadget actually appear, suggesting a great deal of symmetry in these objects. In this paper, we compute gadgets symbolically and explain some of these observed phenomena with group theory and combinatorics. Guided by this work, we give some suggestions for generalizations of the gadget to other values of the $n$ and $k$ parameters.

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• We consider a family of higher-dimensional noncommutative tori, which are twisted analogues of the algebras of continuous functions on ordinary tori, and their Toeplitz extensions. Just as solenoids are inverse limits of tori, our Toeplitz noncommutative solenoids are direct limits of the Toeplitz extensions of noncommutative tori. We consider natural dynamics on these Toeplitz algebras, and compute the equilibrium states for these dynamics. We find a large simplex of equilibrium states at each positive inverse temperature, parametrised by the probability measures on an (ordinary) solenoid.

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• In contrast with many other convex optimization classes, state-of-the-art semidefinite programming solvers are yet unable to efficiently solve large scale instances. This work aims to reduce this scalability gap by proposing a novel proximal algorithm for solving general semidefinite programming problems. The proposed methodology, based on the primal-dual hybrid gradient method, allows the presence of linear inequalities without the need of adding extra slack variables and avoids solving a linear system at each iteration. More importantly, it does simultaneously compute the dual variables associated with the linear constraints. The main contribution of this work is to achieve a substantial speedup by effectively adjusting the proposed algorithm in order to exploit the low-rank property inherent to several semidefinite programming problems. This proposed modification is the key element that allows the operator splitting method to efficiently scale to larger instances. Convergence guaran

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• We give a partial solution to a question by Alas, Junqueria and Wilson by proving that under PFA the one-point compactification of a locally compact, discretely generated and countably tight space is also discretely generated. After this, we study the cardinal number given by the smallest possible character of remote and far sets of separable metrizable spaces. Finally, we prove that in some cases a countable space has far points.

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• An algebra with identities $(a,b,c)=(a,c,b)=(b,a,c)$ is called {\it assosymmetric}, where $(x,y,z)=(xy)z-x(yz)$ is associator. We study $S_n$-module, $A_n$-module and $GL_n$-module structures of free assosymmetric algebra.

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• If $\mathfrak{g} \subseteq \mathfrak{h}$ is an extension of Lie algebras over a field $k$ such that ${\rm dim}_k (\mathfrak{g}) = n$ and ${\rm dim}_k (\mathfrak{h}) = n + m$, then the Galois group ${\rm Gal} \, (\mathfrak{h}/\mathfrak{g})$ is explicitly described as a subgroup of the canonical semidirect product of groups ${\rm GL} (m, \, k) \rtimes {\rm M}_{n\times m} (k)$. An Artin type theorem for Lie algebras is proved: if a group $G$ whose order isinvertible in $k$ acts as automorphisms on a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{h}$, then $\mathfrak{h}$ is isomorphic to a skew crossed product $\mathfrak{h}^G \, \#^{\bullet} \, V$, where $\mathfrak{h}^G$ is the subalgebra of invariants and $V$ is the kernel of the Reynolds operator. The Galois group ${\rm Gal} \,(\mathfrak{h}/\mathfrak{h}^G)$ is also computed, highlighting the difference from the classical Galois theory of fields where the corresponding group is $G$. The counterpart for Lie algebras of Hilbert's Theorem 90 is proved and based on

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• We analyse special classes of biorthogonal sets of vectors in Hilbert and in Krein spaces, and their relations with $\mathcal{G}$- quasi bases. We also discuss their relevance in some concrete quantum mechanical system driven by manifestly non self-adjoint Hamiltonians.

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• D. Bennequin and P. Baudot introduced a cohomological construction adapted to information theory, called 'information cohomology', that characterizes Shannon entropy through a cocycle condition. This text develops the relation between information cohomology and topos theory. We also introduce several new constructions and results. First, we define generalized information structures, as categories of finite random variables related by a notion of extension or refinement; classical and quantum probability spaces appear as models (representations) for these general structures. Generalized information structures form a category with finite products and coproducts. We prove that information cohomology is invariant under isomorphisms of generalized structures. Secondly, we prove that the relatively-free bar construction gives a projective object for the computation of cohomology. Thirdly, we provide detailed computations of $H^1$ for classical probabilities and describe the degenerate cases.

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• For a smooth projective curve, the cycles of subordinate or, more generally, secant divisors to a given linear series are among some of the most studied objects in classical enumerative geometry. We consider the intersection of two such cycles corresponding to secant divisors of two different linear series on the same curve and investigate the validity of the enumerative formulas counting the number of divisors in the intersection. We study some interesting cases, with unexpected transversality properties, and establish a general method to verify when this intersection is empty.

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• In this paper, we study gravitational instantons (i.e., complete hyperk\"aler 4-manifolds with faster than quadratic curvature decay). We prove three main theorems: 1.Any gravitational instanton must have known end----ALE, ALF, ALG or ALH. 2.In ALG and ALH-non-splitting cases, it must be biholomorphic to a compact complex elliptic surface minus a divisor. Thus, we confirm a long-standing question of Yau in ALG and ALH cases. 3.In ALF-D_k case, it must have an O(4)-multiplet.

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• We analyze the optimal harvesting problem for an ecosystem of species that experience environmental stochasticity. Our work generalizes the current literature significantly by taking into account non-linear interactions between species, state-dependent prices, and species injections. The key generalization is making it possible to not only harvest, but also `seed' individuals into the ecosystem. This is motivated by how fisheries and certain endangered species are controlled. The harvesting problem becomes finding the optimal harvesting-seeding strategy that maximizes the expected total income from the harvest minus the lost income from the species injections. Our analysis shows that new phenomena emerge due to the possibility of species injections. It is well-known that multidimensional harvesting problems are very hard to tackle. We are able to make progress, by characterizing the value function as a viscosity solution of the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations. Moreov

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• We propose and prove an identity relating the Poincar\'e polynomials of stabilizer subgroups of the affine Weyl group and of the corresponding stabilizer subgroups of the Weyl group.

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• This paper deals with the Monte-Carlo methods for evaluating expectations of functionals of solutions to McKean-Vlasov Stochastic Differential Equations (MV-SDE) with drifts of super-linear growth. We assume that the MV-SDE is approximated in the standard manner by means of an interacting particle system and propose two importance sampling (IS) techniques to reduce the variance of the resulting Monte Carlo estimator. In the \emph{complete measure change} approach, the IS measure change is applied simultaneously in the coefficients and in the expectation to be evaluated. In the \emph{decoupling} approach we first estimate the law of the solution in a first set of simulations without measure change and then perform a second set of simulations under the importance sampling measure using the approximate solution law computed in the first step. For both approaches, we use large deviations techniques to identify an optimisation problem for the candidate measure change. The decoupling approac

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• The independence polynomial of a graph is the generating polynomial for the number of independent sets of each size. Two graphs are said to be \textit{independence equivalent} if they have equivalent independence polynomials. We extend previous work by showing that independence equivalence class of every odd path has size 1, while the class can contain arbitrarily many graphs for even paths. We also prove that the independence equivalence class of every even cycle consists of two graphs when $n\ge 2$ except the independence equivalence class of $C_6$ which consists of three graphs. The odd case remains open, although, using irreducibility results from algebra, we were able show that for a prime $p \geq 5$ and $n\ge 1$ the independence equivalence class of $C_{p^n}$ consists of only two graphs.

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• In this paper, we provide an accessible introduction to the theory of locally convex supermanifolds in the categorical approach. In this setting, a supermanifold is a functor $\mathcal{M}\colon\mathbf{Gr}\to\mathbf{Man}$ from the category of Grassmann algebras to the category of locally convex manifolds that has certain local models, forming something akin to an atlas. We give a mostly self-contained, concrete definition of supermanifolds along these lines, closing several gaps in the literature on the way. If $\Lambda_n\in\mathbf{Gr}$ is the Grassmann algebra with $n$ generators, we show that $\mathcal{M}_{\Lambda_n}$ has the structure of a so called multilinear bundle over the base manifold $\mathcal{M}_\mathbb{R}$. We use this fact to show that the projective limit $\varprojlim_n\mathcal{M}_{\Lambda_n}$ exists in the category of manifolds. In fact, this gives us a faithful functor $\varprojlim\colon\mathbf{SMan}\to\mathbf{Man}$ from the category of supermanifolds to the category of

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• Infinitesimal bialgebras were introduced by Joni and Rota. An infinitesimal bialgebra is at the same time an algebra and coalgebra, in such a way that the comultiplication is a derivation. Twenty years after Joni and Rota, Aguiar introduced the concept of an infinitesimal (non-unitary) Hopf algebra. In this paper we study infinitesimal unitary bialgebras and infinitesimal unitary Hopf algebras, in contrary to Aguiar's approach. Using an infinitesimal version of the Hochschild 1-cocycle condition, we prove respectively that a class of decorated planar rooted forests is the free cocycle infinitesimal unitary bialgebra and free cocycle infinitesimal unitary Hopf algebra on a set. As an application, we obtain that the planar rooted forests is the free cocycle infinitesimal unitary Hopf algebra on the empty set.

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• Generalising a construction of Falconer, we consider classes of $G_\delta$-subsets of $\mathbb{R}^d$ with the property that sets belonging to the class have large Hausdorff dimension and the class is closed under countable intersections. We relate these classes to some inhomogeneous potentials and energies, thereby providing some useful tools to determine if a set belongs to one of the classes. As applications of this theory, we calculate, or at least estimate, the Hausdorff dimension of randomly generated limsup-sets, and sets that appear in the setting of shrinking targets in dynamical systems. For instance, we prove that for $\alpha \geq 1$, $\mathrm{dim}_\mathrm{H}\, \{ \, y : | T_a^n (x) - y| < n^{-\alpha} \text{ infinitely often} \, \} = \frac{1}{\alpha},$ for almost every $x \in [1-a,1]$, where $T_a$ is a quadratic map with $a$ in a set of parameters described by Benedicks and Carleson.

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• In this paper, we construct a theory of integration of Voevodsky motives over a perfect field $k$, and show that it circumvents some of the complications of motivic integration, leading to new arithmetic and geometric results concerning K-equivalent $k$-varieties. One main application is that up to direct summing a common Chow motive, K-equivalent smooth projective $k$-varieties have the same $\mathbb{Z}[1/p]$-Chow motives ($p$ is the characteristic exponent of $k$), partially answering a conjecture of Chin-Lung Wang. In addition to generalizing a theorem of Kontsevich on the equality of Hodge numbers of K-equivalent smooth projective complex varieties, we show that such varieties have isomorphic \textit{integral} singular cohomology groups. On the arithmetic side, we show that K-equivalent smooth $k$-varieties have isomorphic $\ell$-adic Galois representations up to semi-simplification. Furthermore, we connect this theory of integration of Voevodsky motives to the existence of motivic

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• In this paper, we study an interference alignment (IA) scheme with finite time extension and beamformer selection method with low computational complexity for X channel. An IA scheme with a chain structure by the Latin square is proposed for Kx3 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) X channel. Since the proposed scheme can have a larger set of possible beamformers than the conventional schemes, its performance is improved by the efficient beamformer selection for a given channel. Also, we propose a condition number (CN) based beamformer selection method with low computational complexity and its performance improvement is numerically verified.

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