## 信息流

• We prove the crepant resolution conjecture for Donaldson-Thomas invariants of hard Lefschetz CY3 orbifolds, formulated by Bryan-Cadman-Young, after reinterpreting it as an equality of rational functions. In order to do so, we show that the generating series of stable pair invariants on any CY3 orbifold is the expansion of a rational function. As a corollary, we deduce a symmetry of this function induced by the derived dualising functor. Our methods also yield a proof of the orbifold DT/PT correspondence for multi-regular curve classes on hard Lefschetz CY3 orbifolds.

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• We introduce a vector bundle version of the complex Monge-Ampere equation motivated by a desire to study stability conditions involving higher Chern forms. We then restrict ourselves to complex surfaces, provide a moment map interpretation of it, and define a positivity condition (MA positivity) which is necessary for the infinite-dimensional symplectic form to be Kahler. On rank-2 bundles on compact complex surfaces, we prove two consequences of the existence of a "positively curved" solution to this equation - Stability (involving the second Chern character) and a Kobayashi-Lubke-Bogomolov-Miyaoka-Yau type inequality. Finally, we prove a Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence for a dimensional reduction of the aforementioned equation.

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• Covert communications hide the transmission of a message from a watchful adversary while ensuring a certain decoding performance at the receiver. In this work, a wireless communication system under fading channels is considered where covertness is achieved by using a full-duplex (FD) receiver. More precisely, the receiver of covert information generates artificial noise with a varying power causing uncertainty at the adversary, Willie, regarding the statistics of the received signals. Given that Willie's optimal detector is a threshold test on the received power, we derive a closed-form expression for the optimal detection performance of Willie averaged over the fading channel realizations. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for the optimal choice of artificial noise power range, and the optimal transmission probability of covert information to maximize the detection errors at Willie. Our analysis shows that the transmission of artificial noise, although causes self-interference, provi

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• The goal of these lecture notes is to present in a unified way various models for the dynamics of aligning self-propelled rigid bodies at different scales and the links between them. The models and methods are inspired from [12,13], but, in addition, we introduce a new model and apply on it the same methods. While the new model has its own interest, our aim is also to emphasize the methods by demonstrating their adaptability and by presenting them in a unified and simplified way. Furthermore, from the various microscopic models we derive the same macroscopic model, which is a good indicator of its universality.

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• We propose a new approach to the numerical solution of radiative transfer equations with certified a posteriori error bounds. A key role is played by stable Petrov--Galerkin type variational formulations of parametric transport equations and corresponding radiative transfer equations. This allows us to formulate an iteration in a suitable, infinite dimensional function space that is guaranteed to converge with a fixed error reduction per step. The numerical scheme is then based on approximately realizing this iteration within dynamically updated accuracy tolerances that still ensure convergence to the exact solution. To advance this iteration two operations need to be performed within suitably tightened accuracy tolerances. First, the global scattering operator needs to be approximately applied to the current iterate within a tolerance comparable to the current accuracy level. Second, parameter dependent linear transport equations need to be solved, again at the required accuracy of th

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• Fast, high-order accurate algorithms for electromagnetic scattering from axisymmetric objects are of great importance when modeling physical phenomena in optics, materials science (e.g. meta-materials), and many other fields of applied science. In this paper, we develop an FFT-accelerated separation of variables solver that can be used to efficiently invert integral equation formulations of Maxwell's equations for scattering from axisymmetric penetrable (dielectric) bodies. Using a standard variant of M\"uller's integral representation of the fields, our numerical solver rapidly and directly inverts the resulting second-kind integral equation. In particular, the algorithm of this work (1) rapidly evaluates the modal Green's functions, and their derivatives, via kernel splitting and the use of novel recursion formulas, (2) discretizes the underlying integral equation using generalized Gaussian quadratures on adaptive meshes, and (3) is applicable to geometries containing edges. Several

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• This report presents a low complexity, stable and time accurate method for the Navier-Stokes equations. The improved method requires a minimally intrusive modification to an existing program based on the fully implicit / backward Euler time discretization, does not add to the computational complexity, and is conceptually simple. The backward Euler approximation is simply post-processed with a two-step, linear time filter. The time filter additionally removes the overdamping of Backward Euler while remaining unconditionally energy stable, proven herein. Numerical tests confirm the predicted convergence rates and the improved predictions of flow quantities such as drag and lift.

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• We consider a general k dimensional discounted innite server queues process (alternatively, an Incurred But Not Reported (IBNR) claim process) where the multi-variate inputs (claims) are given by a k dimensional nite state Markov chain and the arrivals follow a renewal process. After deriving a multidimensional integral equation for the moment generating function jointly to the state of the input at time t given the initial state of the input at time 0, asymptotic results for the rst and second (matrix) moments of the process are provided. In particular, when the interarrival or service times are exponentially distributed, transient expressions for the rst two moments are obtained. Also, the moment generating function for the process with deterministic interarrival times is considered to provide more explicit expressions. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of the present model by showing how it allows us to study a semi-Markov modulated innite queues process where the customers (cla

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• It is well known that the labeling problems of graphs arise in many (but not limited to) networking and telecommunication contexts. In this paper we introduce the anti-$k$-labeling problem of graphs which we seek to minimize the similarity (or distance) of neighboring nodes. For example, in the fundamental frequency assignment problem in wireless networks where each node is assigned a frequency, it is usually desirable to limit or minimize the frequency gap between neighboring nodes so as to limit interference. Let $k\geq1$ be an integer and $\psi$ is a labeling function (anti-$k$-labeling) from $V(G)$ to $\{1,2,\cdots,k\}$ for a graph $G$. A {\em no-hole anti-$k$-labeling} is an anti-$k$-labeling using all labels between 1 and $k$. We define $w_{\psi}(e)=|\psi(u)-\psi(v)|$ for an edge $e=uv$ and $w_{\psi}(G)=\min\{w_{\psi}(e):e\in E(G)\}$ for an anti-$k$-labeling $\psi$ of the graph $G$. {\em The anti-$k$-labeling number} of a graph $G$, $mc_k(G)$ is $\max\{w_{\psi}(G): \psi\}$. In th

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• In this short note, we prove that the stochastic order of Radon probability measures on any metric space is antisymmetric.

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• In this appendix to a paper [arXiv:1809.08623] by B. Williams, we give birational equivalences between the models of the Hilbert modular surfaces for ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{29})$ and ${\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{37})$ given there and those previously found by Elkies and Kumar.

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• We study a general k dimensional infinite server queues process. When the service times are fat tailed, we prove that the properly rescaled process converges to some limiting process: in particular we identify three regimes including slow arrivals, fast arrivals, and equilibrium, which lead to different limits in distribution. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 60G50, 60K30, 62P05, 60K25.

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• We consider a certain two-parameter family of automorphisms of the affine plane over a complete, locally compact non-Archimedean field. Each of these automorphisms admits a chaotic attractor on which it is topolgocally conjugate to the full two-sided shift map, and the attractor supports a unit Borel measure which describes the distribution of the forward orbit of Haar-almost all points in the basin of attraction. We also compute the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor, which is non-integral.

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• In this paper, by virtue of Malliavin calculus, we establish a relationship between backward doubly stochastic differential equations with random coefficients and quasilinear stochastic PDEs, and thus extend the well-known nonlinear stochastic Feynman-Kac formula of Pardoux and Peng [14] to non-Markovian case.

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• Let $K \subset \mathbb R^3$ be a regular convex cone with positively curved boundary of class $C^k$, $k \geq 5$. The image of the boundary $\partial K$ in the real projective plane is a simple closed convex curve $\gamma$ of class $C^k$ without inflection points. Due to the presence of sextactic points $\gamma$ does not possess a global parametrization by projective arc length. In general it will not possess a global periodic Forsyth-Laguerre parametrization either, i.e., it is not the projective image of a periodic vector-valued solution $y(t)$ of the ordinary differential equation (ODE) $y''' + \beta \cdot y = 0$, where $\beta$ is a periodic function. We show that $\gamma$ possesses a periodic Forsyth-Laguerre type global parametrization of class $C^{k-1}$ as the projective image of a solution $y(t)$ of the ODE $y''' + 2\alpha \cdot y' + \beta \cdot y = 0$, where $\alpha \leq \frac12$ is a constant depending on the cone $K$ and $\beta$ is a $2\pi$-periodic function of class $C^{k-5}$

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• The main object of this paper is to construct a new genuine Bernstein-Durrmeyer type operators which have better features than the classical one. Some direct estimates for the modified genuine Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator by means of the first and second modulus of continuity are given. An asymptotic formula for the new operator is proved. Finally, some numerical examples with illustrative graphics have been added to validate the theoretical results and also compare the rate of convergence.

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• The main object of this paper is to construct new Durrmeyer type operators which have better features than the classical one. Some results concerning the rate of convergence and asymptotic formulas of the new operator are given. Finally, the theoretical results are analyzed by numerical examples.

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• Artificial neural networks that learn to perform Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and related tasks using strictly local learning rules have been previously derived based on the principle of similarity matching: similar pairs of inputs should map to similar pairs of outputs. However, the operation of these networks (and of similar networks) requires a fixed-point iteration to determine the output corresponding to a given input, which means that dynamics must operate on a faster time scale than the variation of the input. Further, during these fast dynamics such networks typically "disable" learning, updating synaptic weights only once the fixed-point iteration has been resolved. Here, we derive a network for PCA-based dimensionality reduction that avoids this fast fixed-point iteration. The key novelty of our approach is a modification of the similarity matching objective to encourage near-diagonality of a synaptic weight matrix. We then approximately invert this matrix using a Taylo

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• We develop a correspondence between the study of Borel equivalence relations induced by closed subgroups of $S_\infty$, and the study of symmetric models and weak choice principles, and apply it to prove a conjecture of Hjorth-Kechris-Louveau (1998). For example, we show that the equivalence relation $\cong^\ast_{\omega+1,0}$ is strictly below $\cong^\ast_{\omega+1,<\omega}$ in Borel reducibility. By results of Hjorth-Kechris-Louveau, $\cong^\ast_{\omega+1,<\omega}$ provides invariants for $\Sigma^0_{\omega+1}$ equivalence relations induced by actions of $S_\infty$, while $\cong^\ast_{\omega+1,0}$ provides invariants for $\Sigma^0_{\omega+1}$ equivalence relations induced by actions of abelian closed subgroups of $S_\infty$. We further apply these techniques to study the Friedman-Stanley jumps. For example, we find an equivalence relation $F$, Borel bireducible with $=^{++}$, so that $F\restriction C$ is not Borel reducible to $=^{+}$ for any non-meager set $C$. This answers a qu

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• In the study of the constant in Ahlfors' second fundamental theorem involving a set E_{q} of q points, branch values of covering surfaces outside E_{q} bring a lot of troubles. To avoid this situation, for a given surface S, it is useful to construct a new surface So such that L(So) <=L(S), and H(S)>=H(S), and all branch values of So are contained in E_{q}. The goal of this paper is to prove the existence of such So, which generalizes Lemma 9.1 and Theorem 10.1 in Zhang G.Y.: The precise bound for the area-length ratio in Ahifors' theory of covering surfaces. Invent math 191:197-253(2013)

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• Let $G/H$ be a reductive symmetric space over a $p$-adic field $F$, the algebraic groups $G$ and $H$ being assumed semisimple of relative rank $1$. One of the branching problems for the Steinberg representation $\St_G$ of $G$ is the determination of the dimension of the intertwining space ${\rm Hom}_H (\St_G ,\pi )$, for any irreducible representation $\pi$ of $H$. In this work we do not compute this dimension, but show how it is related to the dimensions of some other intertwining spaces ${\rm Hom}_{K_i} ({\tilde \pi} ,1)$, for a certain finite family $K_i$, $i=1,...,r$, of anisotropic subgroups of $H$ (here ${\tilde \pi}$ denote the contragredient representation, and $1$ the trivial character). In other words we show that there is a sort of reciprocity law' relating two different branching problems.

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• A loss function measures the discrepancy between the true values and their estimated fits, for a given instance of data. In classification problems, a loss function is said to be proper if the minimizer of the expected loss is the true underlying probability. In this work we show that for binary classification, the divergence associated with smooth, proper and convex loss functions is bounded from above by the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, up to a normalization constant. It implies that by minimizing the log-loss (associated with the KL divergence), we minimize an upper bound to any choice of loss from this set. This property suggests that the log-loss is universal in the sense that it provides performance guarantees to a broad class of accuracy measures. Importantly, our notion of universality is not restricted to a specific problem. This allows us to apply our results to many applications, including predictive modeling, data clustering and sample complexity analysis. Further, we

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• We study the performance of caching schemes based on LT under peeling (iterative) decoding algorithm. We assume that users ask for downloading content to multiple cache-aided transmitters. Transmitters are connected through a backhaul link to a master node while no direct link exists between users and the master node. Each content is fragmented and coded with LT code. Cache placement at each transmitter is optimized such that transmissions over the backhaul link is minimized. We derive a closed form expression for the calculation of the backhaul transmission rate. We compare the performance of a caching scheme based on LT with respect to a caching scheme based on maximum distance separable codes. Finally, we show that caching with \acl{LT} codes behave as good as caching with maximum distance separable codes.

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• This paper considers the cooperative device-to-device (D2D) systems with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). We assume that the base station (BS) can communicate simultaneously with all users to satisfy the full information transmission. In order to characterize the impact of the weak channel and different decoding schemes, two kinds of decoding strategies are proposed: \emph{single signal decoding scheme} and \emph{MRC decoding scheme}, respectively. For the \emph{single signal decoding scheme}, the users immediately decode the received signals after receptions from the BS. Meanwhile, for the \emph{MRC decoding scheme}, instead of decoding, the users will keep the receptions in reserve until the corresponding phase comes and the users jointly decode the received signals by employing maximum ratio combining (MRC). Considering Rayleigh fading channels, the ergodic sum-rate (SR), outage probability and outage capacity of the proposed D2D-NOMA system are analyzed. Moreover, approximate

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• Constructing and manipulating homotopy types from categorical input data has been an important theme in algebraic topology for decades. Every category gives rise to a classifying space', the geometric realization of the nerve. Up to weak homotopy equivalence, every space is the classifying space of a small category. More is true: the entire homotopy theory of topological spaces and continuous maps can be modeled by categories and functors. We establish a vast generalization of the equivalence of the homotopy theories of categories and spaces: small categories represent refined homotopy types of orbispaces whose underlying coarse moduli space is the traditional homotopy type hitherto considered. A global equivalence is a functor between small categories that induces weak equivalences of nerves of the categories of $G$-objects, for all finite groups $G$. We show that the global equivalences are part of a model structure on the category of small categories, which is moreover Quillen equi

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• Huawei's new Mate 20 Pro has a massive screen, three cameras on the back and a fingerprint scanner embedded in the display. From a report: The new top-end phone from the Chinese firm aims to secure its place at the top of the market alongside Samsung, having recently beaten Apple to become the second-largest smartphone manufacturer in August. The Mate 20 Pro follows Huawei's tried and trusted format for its Mate series: a huge 6.39in QHD+ OLED screen, big 4,200mAh battery and powerful new Huawei Kirin 980 processor -- Huawei's first to be produced at 7 nanometres, matching Apple's latest A12 chip in the 2018 iPhones. New for this year is an infrared 3D facial recognition system, similar to that used by Apple for its Face ID in the iPhone XS, and one of the first fingerprint scanners embedded in the screen that is widely available in the UK, removing the need for a fingerprint scanner on the back or a chin on the front. The Mate 20 Pro is water resistant to IP68 standards and has a slee

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• Recently, so-called treebased phylogenetic networks have gained considerable interest in the literature, where a treebased network is a network that can be constructed from a phylogenetic tree, called the \emph{base tree}, by adding additional edges. The main aim of this manuscript is to provide some sufficient criteria for treebasedness by reducing phylogenetic networks to related graph structures. While it is generally known that deciding whether a network is treebased is NP-complete, one of these criteria, namely \emph{edgebasedness}, can be verified in polynomial time. Next to these edgebased networks, we introduce further classes of treebased networks and analyze their relationships.

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• In many statistical linear inverse problems, one needs to recover classes of similar curves from their noisy images under an operator that does not have a bounded inverse. Problems of this kind appear in many areas of application. Routinely, in such problems clustering is carried out at the pre-processing step and then the inverse problem is solved for each of the cluster averages separately. As a result, the errors of the procedures are usually examined for the estimation step only. The objective of this paper is to examine, both theoretically and via simulations, the effect of clustering on the accuracy of the solutions of general ill-posed linear inverse problems. In particular, we assume that one observes $X_m = A f_m + \sigma n^{-1/2} \epsilon_m$, $m=1, \cdots, M$, where functions $f_m$ can be grouped into $K$ classes and one needs to recover a vector function ${\bf f}= (f_1,\cdots, f_M)^T$. We construct an estimators for ${\bf f}$ as a solution of a penalized optimization problem

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• We show that coarse property C is preserved by finite coarse direct products. We also show that the coarse analog of Dydak's countable asymptotic dimension is equivalent to the coarse version of straight finite decomposition complexity and is therefore preserved by direct products.

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• Let $G$ be a graph with chromatic number $\chi$, maximum degree $\Delta$ and clique number $\omega$. Reed's conjecture states that $\chi \leq \lceil (1-\varepsilon)(\Delta + 1) + \varepsilon\omega \rceil$ for all $\varepsilon \leq 1/2$. It was shown by King and Reed that, provided $\Delta$ is large enough, the conjecture holds for $\varepsilon \leq 1/130,000$. In this article, we show that the same statement holds for $\varepsilon \leq 1/26$, thus making a significant step towards Reed's conjecture. We derive this result from a general technique to bound the chromatic number of a graph where no vertex has many edges in its neighbourhood. Our improvements to this method also lead to improved bounds on the strong chromatic index of general graphs. We prove that $\chi'_s(G)\leq 1.835 \Delta(G)^2$ provided $\Delta(G)$ is large enough.

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• First non-zero Neumann eigenvalues of a rectangle and a parallelogram with the same base and area are compared in case when the height of the parallelogram is greater than the base. This result is applied to compare first non-zero Neumann eigenvalue normalized by the square of the perimeter on the parallelograms with a geometrical restriction and the square. The result is inspired by Wallace--Bolyai--Gerwien theorem. An interesting three-dimensional problem related to this theorem is proposed.

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• Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived under which concordance measures arise from correlations of transformed ranks of random variables. Compatibility and attainability of square matrices with entries given by such measures are studied, that is, whether a given square matrix of such measures of association can be realized for some random vector and how such a random vector can be constructed. Special cases of this framework include (matrices of pairwise) Spearman's rho, Blomqvist's beta and van der Waerden's coefficient. For these specific measures, characterizations of sets of compatible matrices are provided. Compatibility and attainability of block matrices and hierarchical matrices are also studied. In particular, a subclass of attainable block Spearman's rho matrices is proposed to compensate for the drawback that Spearman's rho matrices are in general not attainable for dimensions larger than four. Another result concerns a novel analytical form of the Cholesky factor o

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• We present a novel numerical method for the computation of bound states of semi-infinite matrix Hamiltonians which model electronic states localized at edges of one and two-dimensional materials (edge states) in the tight-binding limit. The na\"{i}ve approach fails: arbitrarily large finite truncations of the Hamiltonian have spectrum which does not correspond to spectrum of the semi-infinite problem (spectral pollution). Our method, which overcomes this difficulty, is to accurately compute the Green's function of the semi-infinite Hamiltonian by imposing an appropriate boundary condition at the semi-infinite end; then, the spectral data is recovered via Riesz projection. We demonstrate our method's effectiveness by a study of edge states at a graphene zig-zag edge in the presence of defects, including atomic vacancies. Our method may also be used to study states localized at domain wall-type edges in one and two-dimensional materials where the edge Hamiltonian is infinite in both dire

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• We prove that any conformally flat submanifold with flat normal bundle in a conformally flat Riemannian manifold is locally holonomic, that is, admits a principal coordinate system. As one of the consequences of this fact, it is shown that the Ribaucour transformation can be used to construct an associated large family of immersions with induced conformal metrics holonomic with respect to the same coordinate system.

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• Following an idea of Hopkins, we construct a model of the determinant sphere $S\langle det \rangle$ in the category of $K(n)$-local spectra. To do this, we build a spectrum which we call the Tate sphere $S(1)$. This is a $p$-complete sphere with a natural continuous action of $\mathbb{Z}_p^\times$. The Tate sphere inherits an action of $\mathbb{G}_n$ via the determinant and smashing Morava $E$-theory with $S(1)$ has the effect of twisting the action of $\mathbb{G}_n$. A large part of this paper consists of analyzing continuous $\mathbb{G}_n$-actions and their homotopy fixed points in the setup of Devinatz and Hopkins.

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• The eigenvector empirical spectral distribution (VESD) is a useful tool in studying the limiting behavior of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices. In this paper, we study the convergence rate of the VESD of sample covariance matrices to the Marchenko-Pastur (MP) distribution. Consider sample covariance matrices of the form $XX^*$, where $X=(x_{ij})$ is an $M\times N$ random matrix whose entries are independent (but not necessarily identically distributed) random variables with mean zero and variance $N^{-1}$. We show that the Kolmogorov distance between the expected VESD and the MP distribution is bounded by $N^{-1+\epsilon}$ for any fixed $\epsilon>0$, provided that the entries $\sqrt{N}x_{ij}$ have uniformly bounded 6th moment and that the dimension ratio $N/M$ converges to some constant $d\ne 1$. This result improves the previous one obtained in [33], which gives the convergence rate $O(N^{-1/2})$ assuming $i.i.d.$ $X$ entries, bounded 10th moment and $d>1$. Mor

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• We prove under mild conditions that the Fleming-Viot process selects the minimal quasi-stationary distribution for Markov processes with soft killing on non-compact state spaces. Our results are applied to multi-dimensional birth and death processes, continuous time Galton-Watson processes and diffusion processes with soft killing.

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• The concept of cutting is first introduced. By the concept, a convex expansion for finite distributive lattices is considered. Thus, a more general method for drawing the Hasse diagram is given, and the rank generating function of a finite distributive lattice is obtained. In addition, we have several enumerative properties on finite distributive lattices and verify the generalized Euler formula for polyhedrons.

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• When a major outage occurs on a distribution system due to extreme events, microgrids, distributed generators, and other local resources can be used to restore critical loads and enhance resiliency. This paper proposes a decision-making method to determine the optimal restoration strategy coordinating multiple sources to serve critical loads after blackouts. The critical load restoration problem is solved by a two-stage method with the first stage deciding the post-restoration topology and the second stage determining the set of loads to be restored and the outputs of sources. In the second stage, the problem is formulated as a mixed-integer semidefinite program. The objective is maximizing the number of loads restored, weighted by their priority. The unbalanced three-phase power flow constraint and operational constraints are considered. An iterative algorithm is proposed to deal with integer variables and can attain the global optimum of the critical load restoration problem by solvi

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• We consider Bernoulli bond percolation on the product graph of a regular tree and a line. Schonmann showed that there are a.s. infinitely many infinite clusters at $p=p_u$ by using a certain function $\alpha(p)$. The function $\alpha(p)$ is defined by a exponential decay rate of probability that two vertices of the same layer are connected. We show the critical probability $p_c$ can be written by using $\alpha(p)$. In other words, we construct another definition of the critical probability.

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• Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are systems composed by a physical component that is controlled or monitored by a cyber-component, a computer-based algorithm. Advances in CPS technologies and science are enabling capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems of today. CPS technologies are transforming the way people interact with engineered systems. New smart CPS are driving innovation in various sectors such as agriculture, energy, transportation, healthcare, and manufacturing. They are leading the 4-th Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) that is having benefits thanks to the high flexibility of production. The Industry 4.0 production paradigm is characterized by high intercommunicating properties of its production elements in all the manufacturing processes. This is the reason it is a core concept how the systems should be structurally optimized to have the adequate level of redundancy to be satisfact

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• The present paper studies density deconvolution in the presence of small Berkson errors, in particular, when the variances of the errors tend to zero as the sample size grows. It is known that when the Berkson errors are present, in some cases, the unknown density estimator can be obtain by simple averaging without using kernels. However, this may not be the case when Berkson errors are asymptotically small. By treating the former case as a kernel estimator with the zero bandwidth, we obtain the optimal expressions for the bandwidth. We show that the density of Berkson errors acts as a regularizer, so that the kernel estimator is unnecessary when the variance of Berkson errors lies above some threshold that depends on the on the shapes of the densities in the model and the number of observations.

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• We present a construction of an infinite dimensional associative algebra which we call a \emph{surface algebra} associated in a unique way to a dessin d'enfant. Once we have constructed the surface algebras we construct what we call the associated \emph{dessin order}, which can be constructed in such a way that it is the completion of the path algebra of a quiver with relations. We then prove that the center and (noncommutative) normalization of the dessin orders are invariant under the action of the absolute Galois group $\mathcal{G}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$. We then describe the projective resolutions of the simple modules over the dessin order and show that one can completely recover the dessin with the projective resolutions of the simple modules. Finally, as a corollary we are able to say that classifying dessins in an orbit of $\mathcal{G}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ is equivalent to classifying dessin orders with a given normalization.

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• We show that for the attractor $(K_{1},\dots,K_{q})$ of a graph directed iterated function system, for each $1\leq j\leq q$ and $\varepsilon>0$ there exits a self-similar set $K\subseteq K_{j}$ that satisfies the strong separation condition and $\dim_{H}K_{j}-\varepsilon<\dim_{H}K$. We show that we can further assume convenient conditions on the orthogonal parts and similarity ratios of the defining similarities of $K$. Using this property as a `black box' we obtain results on a range of topics including on dimensions of projections, intersections, distance sets and sums and products of sets.

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• Given a system of functions f = (f1, . . . , fd) analytic on a neighborhood of some compact subset E of the complex plane, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence with geometric rate of the common denominators of multipoint Hermite-Pade approximants. The exact rate of convergence of these denominators and of the approximants themselves is given in terms of the analytic properties of the system of functions. These results allow to detect the location of the poles of the system of functions which are in some sense closest to E.

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• The present paper pioneers the study of the Dirichlet problem with $L^q$ boundary data for second order operators with complex coefficients in domains with lower dimensional boundaries, e.g., in $\Omega := \mathbb R^n \setminus \mathbb R^d$ with $d<n-1$. Following the first results of Guy David and the two first authors, the article introduces an appropriate degenerate elliptic operator and show that the Dirichlet problem is solvable for all $q>1$ provided that the coefficients satisfy the small Carleson norm condition. Even in the context of the classical case $d=n-1$, (the analogues of) our results are new. The conditions on the coefficients are more relaxed than the previously known ones (most notably, we do not impose any restrictions whatsoever on the first $n-1$ rows of the matrix of coefficients) and the results are more general. We establish local rather than global estimates between the square function and the non-tangential maximal function and, perhaps even more import

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•   10-16 Hacker News 16

Does being bored make us more creative? (2014)

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• In this paper we present necessary and sufficient conditions for a graded (trimmed) double Ore extension to be a graded (quasi-commutative) skew PBW extension. Using this fact, we prove that a graded skew PBW extension $A = \sigma(R)\langle x_1,x_2 \rangle$ of an Artin-Schelter regular algebra $R$ is Artin-Schelter regular. As a consequence, every graded skew PBW extension $A = \sigma(R)\langle x_1,x_2 \rangle$ of a connected skew Calabi-Yau algebra $R$ of dimension $d$ is skew Calabi-Yau of dimension $d+2$.

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• Hybrid systems theory has become a powerful approach for designing feedback controllers that achieve dynamically stable bipedal locomotion, both formally and in practice. This paper presents an analytical framework 1) to address multi-domain hybrid models of quadruped robots with high degrees of freedom, and 2) to systematically design nonlinear controllers that asymptotically stabilize periodic orbits of these sophisticated models. A family of parameterized virtual constraint controllers is proposed for continuous-time domains of quadruped locomotion to regulate holonomic and nonholonomic outputs. The properties of the Poincare return map for the full-order and closed-loop hybrid system are studied to investigate the asymptotic stabilization problem of dynamic gaits. An iterative optimization algorithm involving linear and bilinear matrix inequalities is then employed to choose stabilizing virtual constraint parameters. The paper numerically evaluates the analytical results on a simul

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• We prove a Fujita-type theorem for varieties with numerically trivial canonical bundle. We deduce our result via a combination of algebraic and analytic methods, including the Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondence and positivity of direct image bundles. As an application, we combine our results with recent work of U. Riess on generalized Kummer varieties to obtain effective global generation statements for Hilbert schemes of points on abelian surfaces.

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• Is it possible to break the host-vector chain of transmission when there is an influx of infectious hosts into a na\"{i}ve population and competent vector? To address this question, a class of vector-borne disease models with an arbitrary number of infectious stages that account for immigration of infective individuals is formulated. The proposed model accounts for forward and backward progression, capturing the mitigation and aggravation to and from any stages of the infection, respectively. The model has a rich dynamic, which depends on the patterns of infected immigrant influx into the host population and connectivity of the transfer between infectious classes. We provide conditions under which the answer of the initial question is positive.

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• Data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) draws significant attention, due to emerging interest in technologies raging from Internet of Things (IoT) networks to simple "Presence" applications, which identify the status of the devices (active or inactive). Numerous Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for WSN, which can address the challenge of data collection in dense networks, were suggested over the years. Most of these protocols utilize the traditional layering approach, in which the MAC layer is unaware of the encapsulated packet payload, and therefore there is no connection between the data collected, the physical layer and the signaling mechanisms. Nonetheless, in many of the applications that intend to utilize such protocols, nodes may need to exchange very little information, and do so only sporadically, that is, while the number of devices in the network can be very large, only a subset wishes to transmit at any given time. Thus, a tailored protocol, which matches the

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• Coordinate descent with random coordinate selection is the current state of the art for many large scale optimization problems. However, greedy selection of the steepest coordinate on smooth problems can yield convergence rates independent of the dimension $n$, and requiring upto $n$ times fewer iterations. In this paper, we consider greedy updates that are based on subgradients for a class of non-smooth composite problems, which includes $L1$-regularized problems, SVMs and related applications. For these problems we provide (i) the first linear rates of convergence independent of $n$, and show that our greedy update rule provides speedups similar to those obtained in the smooth case. This was previously conjectured to be true for a stronger greedy coordinate selection strategy. Furthermore, we show that (ii) our new selection rule can be mapped to instances of maximum inner product search, allowing to leverage standard nearest neighbor algorithms to speed up the implementation. We dem

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• The Jordan--Wigner transformation plays an important role in spin models. However, the non-locality of the transformation implies that a periodic chain of $N$ spins is not mapped to a periodic or an anti-periodic chain of lattice fermions. Since only the $N-1$ bond is different, the effect is negligible for large systems, while it is significant for small systems. In this paper, it is interesting to find that a class of periodic spin chains can be exactly mapped to a periodic chain and an anti-periodic chain of lattice fermions without redundancy when the Jordan--Wigner transformation is implemented. For these systems, possible high degeneracy is found to appear in not only the ground state but also the excitation states. Further, we take the one-dimensional compass model and a new XY-XY model ($\sigma_x\sigma_y-\sigma_x\sigma_y$) as examples to demonstrate our proposition. Except for the well-known one-dimensional compass model, we will see that in the XY-XY model, the degeneracy also

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• We study the extremes for a class of a symmetric stable random fields with long range dependence. We prove functional extremal theorems both in the space of sup measures and in the space of cadlag functions of several variables. The limits in both types of theorems are of a new kind, and only in a certain range of parameters these limits have the Fr\'{e}chet distribution.

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• In the present paper, we were mainly concerned with obtaining estimates for the general Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients for functions in a certain general subclass of analytic bi-univalent functions. For this purpose, we used the Faber polynomial expansions. Several connections to some of the earlier known results are also pointed out.

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• In this paper we generalize the recently introduced concept of fair measure (M. Misiurewicz and A. Rodrigues, Counting preimages. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 38 (2018), no. 5, 1837 -- 1856). We study transitive countable state Markov shift maps and extend our results to a particular class of interval maps, Markov and mixing interval maps. Finally, we move beyond the interval and look for fair measures for graph maps.

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• We show that the set of Fano varieties (with arbitrary singularities) whose anticanonical divisors have large Seshadri constants satisfies certain weak and birational boundedness. We also classify singular Fano varieties of dimension $n$ whose anticanonical divisors have Seshadri constants at least $n$, generalizing an earlier result of Liu and the author.

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• We present a unified treatment of the Fourier spectra of spherically symmetric nonlocal diffusion operators. We develop numerical and analytical results for the class of kernels with weak algebraic singularity as the distance between source and target tends to $0$. Rapid algorithms are derived for their Fourier spectra with the computation of each eigenvalue independent of all others. The algorithms are trivially parallelizable, capable of leveraging more powerful compute environments, and the accuracy of the eigenvalues is individually controllable. The algorithms include a Maclaurin series and a full divergent asymptotic series valid for any $d$ spatial dimensions. Using Drummond's sequence transformation, we prove linear complexity recurrence relations for degree-graded sequences of numerators and denominators in the rational approximations to the divergent asymptotic series. These relations are important to ensure that the algorithms are efficient, and also increase the numerical s

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• We study the asymptotic behaviour of the expected cost of the random matching problem on a $2$-dimensional compact manifold, improving in several aspects the results of L. Ambrosio, F. Stra and D. Trevisan (A PDE approach to a 2-dimensional matching problem). In particular, we simplify the original proof (by treating at the same time upper and lower bounds) and we obtain the coefficient of the leading term of the asymptotic expansion of the expected cost for the random bipartite matching on a general 2-dimensional closed manifold. We also sharpen the estimate of the error term given by M. Ledoux (On optimal matching of Gaussian samples II) for the semi-discrete matching. As a technical tool, we develop a refined contractivity estimate for the heat flow on random data that might be of independent interest.

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• We demonstrate how self-concordance of the loss can be exploited to obtain asymptotically optimal rates for M-estimators in finite-sample regimes. We consider two classes of losses: (i) canonically self-concordant losses in the sense of Nesterov and Nemirovski (1994), i.e., with the third derivative bounded with the $3/2$ power of the second; (ii) pseudo self-concordant losses, for which the power is removed, as introduced by Bach (2010). These classes contain some losses arising in generalized linear models, including logistic regression; in addition, the second class includes some common pseudo-Huber losses. Our results consist in establishing the critical sample size sufficient to reach the asymptotically optimal excess risk for both classes of losses. Denoting $d$ the parameter dimension, and $d_{\text{eff}}$ the effective dimension which takes into account possible model misspecification, we find the critical sample size to be $O(d_{\text{eff}} \cdot d)$ for canonically self-conco

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•   10-16 Hacker News 48

Acquiring absolute pitch in adulthood is difficult but possible

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•   10-16 Hacker News 31

Formality – An efficient programming language and proof assistant

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•   10-15 Hacker News 144

Animals that are currently monitored using facial recognition technology

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•   10-15 Hacker News 129

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•   10-15 Hacker News 133

Channels, Concurrency, Cores: A New Concurrent ML Implementation (2017) [video]

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•   10-15 Hacker News 49

An Unintuitive Take on Data Augmentation for Self-Driving Cars

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•   10-15 Hacker News 154

10% U.S. Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptors Damaged or Destroyed in Hurricaine Michael

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•   10-15 Hacker News 100

A True Story

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•   10-15 THE NEW YORKER 146

Robin Wright writes on the impact that the bizarre disappearance of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi has had on the image and business prospects of Saudi Arabia and its crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman.

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•   10-15 Hacker News 96

Building DSLs in Swift

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•   10-15 Hacker News 115

Getting a green card in 6 months

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•   10-15 Hacker News 98

Go 2.0 Error Handling Requirements

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•   10-15 Hacker News 156

Home Surveillance: Governments Tell Google's Nest to Hand Over Data 300 Times

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•   10-15 Hacker News 186

How I hacked hundreds of companies through their helpdesk (2017)

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•   10-15 Hacker News 160

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•   10-15 Hacker News 163

Human Retinas Grown in a Dish Reveal Origin of Color Vision

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•   10-15 Hacker News 162

I Pay for News; Why Do I Still See Intrusive Ads? (2017)

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•   10-15 Slashdot 95

According to the Henley Passport Index, compiled by global citizenship and residence advisory firm Henley & PartnersCitizens, Japan now has the most powerful passport on the planet. From a report: Having gained visa-free access to Myanmar earlier this month, Japanese citizens can now enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a whopping 190 destinations around the world -- knocking Singapore, with 189 destinations, into second place. Germany, which began 2018 in the top spot, is now in third place with 188 destinations, tied with France and South Korea. Uzbekistan lifted visa requirements for French nationals on October 5, having already granted visa-free access to Japanese and Singaporean citizens in early February.

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•   10-15 Hacker News 175

Jeff Hawkins Is Finally Ready to Explain His Brain Research

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